Roman Emperors
from Augustus to Justinian
27 BCE—564 CE




RULE
COMMON NAME
FULL FILIATION
LIFE
DATES
Julio-Claudian Dynasty
27 BCE–14 CE
Augustus
Gaius Octavius
(later: Gaius Iulius Caeser)
63 BCE–14 CE
14–37
Tiberius
Tiberius Iulius Caesar Augustus
42 BCE–37 CE
37–41
Caligula
Gaius Iulius Caesar Germanicus
12—41
41–54
Claudius
Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus
10 BCE—54 CE
54–68
Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar
37—68
Civil Wars
68–69
Galba
Servius Sulpicius Galba
3—69
69
Otho
Marcus Salvius Otho
32—69
69
Vitellius
Aulus Vitellius
15—69
Flavian Dynasty
69–79
Vespasian
Titus Flavius Vespasianus
9—79
79–81
Titus
Titus Flavius Vespasianus
39—81
81–96
Domitian
Titus Flavius Domitianus
51—96
Antonine Dynasty
96–98
Nerva
Marcus Cocceius Nerva
30—98
98–117
Trajan
Marcus Ulpius Traianus
53—117
117–138
Hadrian
Publius Aelius Hadrianus
76—138
138–161
Antoninus Pius
Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Antoninus
86—161
161–180
Marcus Aurelius

Verus co-regent 161–169
Marcus Annius Verus

Lucius Ceionius Commodus
121—180

130—169
180–192
Commodus
Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus
161—192
[193]
[Pertinax]
(four contend for power)
Publius Helvius Pertinax
126—193
Severan Dynasty
193–211
Septimius Severus
Lucius Septimius Severus
145/6—211
211–212
Geta
Lucius Septimius Geta
?—212
212–217
Caracalla (or Caracallus)
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
188—217
218–222
Elagabalus
Varius Avitus Bassianus
?—222
222–235
Severus Alexander
Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander
208/9—235
Later Emperors
235–238
Maximinus
Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus
?–238
238
(22 days)
Gordian I

son Gordian II "colleague"
Marcus Antonius Gordianus
159—238
238
(3 months)
Co-Rulers:
Balbinus &
Pupienus
Decius Caelius Calvinus Balbinus
Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus
238–244
Gordian III
(grandson of Gordian I)
225—244
244–249
Philip
Iulius Verus Philippus
?—249
249–251
Decius
Gaius Messius Quintus Decius
?—251
251–253
Trebonianus Gallus
Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus
?—253
253
(3 months)
Aemilianus
Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus
?—253
253–260
Valerian

Gallienus co-regent 253—260
Publius Licinius Valerianus
?—260
260–268
Gallienus
Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus
?—268
268–270
Claudius II (Gothicus)
Marcus Aurelius Claudius (Gothicus)
?—270
270
Quintillus
?
?—270
270–275
Aurelian
Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
?—275
275–276
Tacitus
Marcus Claudius Tacitus
?—276
276–282
Probus
Marcus Aurelius Probus
232—282
282–283
Carus
Marcus Aurelius Carus
?—283
284–305
Diocletian
(and the Tetrarchy)
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus
?—305


Divided Empire
306—312
Constantine I
(West)
Maxentius
[Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius]
(Italy)
Licinius
[Valerius Licinianus]
(East)
312—324
Constantine I
(West & Italy)
Licinius
(East)


Unified Empire
324–337
Constantine I (the Great)
Flavius Valerius Constantinus
285—337


Divided Empire
Western Empire
Eastern Empire
337–340

340–350

350–353

355–361
Constantine II

Constans

Magnentius

Julian ("the Apostate")
337–361
Constantius II

361–363

363—364
(Unified Empire)
Julian ("the Apostate")

Jovian
364–375
Valentinian I
364–378
Valens
375–392
Valentinian II
379–395
Theodosius I
("the Great")
395–423



423–425

425–455
Honorius



Iohannes

Valentinian III
395–408

408–450
Arcadius

Theodosius II
455

455—456
Petronius Maximus

Avitus
450–457
Marcian
457–461

461–465

467–472

472

473

473–475
Majorian

Libius Severus

Anthemius

Olybrius

Glycerius

Nepos
457–474
Leo
475–476

476—493
Romulus Augustulus

Odoacer
474–491
Zeno
493–526
Theoderic
491–518

518–527
Anastasius

Justin
526–534

534–536

536–540

540–541

541–552

552–553
Athalaric

Theodahad

Witigis

Hildebad

Totila

Teias
527–564
Justinian


SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cornell, Tim and John Matthews. Atlas of the Roman World. New York: Facts On File, 1982.

Ferguson, John. Religions of the Roman Empire. Aspects of Greek and Roman Life. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1970.

Grant, Michael. The Twelve Caesars. New York: Scribner, 1975.

Hornblower, Simon, and Antony Spawforth, eds. Oxford Classical Dictionary. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Jones, A. H. M. The Later Roman Empire 284—602. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964.

Miller, Fergus. The Emperor in the Roman World (31 B.C.—A.D. 337). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Press, 1977.



Go to Chronology of Roman Rulers 200 BCE—564 CE

Return to Palestine in the Time of Jesus HomePage

Return to K. C. Hanson's HomePage

Last Modified: 10 August 2015